The Visionary Activism of the Long Civil Rights Movement

A Conversation with Historian Victoria Wolcott

Photograph of workshop participants at Highlander Folk School, Monteagle, Tennessee, 1957 August 31

Victoria Wolcott joins Stephanie and Michael on this episode of Nonviolence Radio to talk about her recent book, Living the Future: Utopianism and the Long Civil Rights Movement. Victoria, a history professor at the University of Buffalo, explores the long history of utopianism in the US and its relation to nonviolence, specifically nonviolence as manifested in constructive program, that is, the active building of a nurturing and supportive community as an alternative to a discriminatory and oppressive one. Much of traditional history doesn’t shed light on this ‘constructive’ aspect of the Civil Rights Movement. In this, most histories of the movement have failed to reveal its much longer past and extensive roots, connecting it to early labor unions, to Gandhi, to experimental utopian communities, in both the north and south of the US.

One of the things that's really interesting is that once you start looking, you start finding these [radical interracial] communities all over the place – including in places like the rural South, where you wouldn't necessarily expect them to be. So that kind of communal experimentation, the interest in prefigurative politics, the constructive program…Usually, historians of the long civil rights movement really talk about it as dating to the 1930s. The relationship between the labor movement and the Civil Rights Movement is really important to understand coming out of the radicalism of the 1930s. … some of the experimentations in radical nonviolence, radical pacifism, really emerged in the late 1930s. And then it goes through the 1970s.

-Virginia Wolcott

Our capacity to see nonviolence as a viable choice to challenge injustice in the world grows in part from seeing its many facets (active resistance and constructive program) as well as the many times dedicated men and women have proven it to be a powerful and effective force. Victoria’s book, and this conversation, illuminate just that.

Transcript archived at Waging Nonviolence [pending]